Universal, Inclusive & Accessible Design in Wayfinding and Navigation

Inclusive Design is essential in Wayfinding and how we guide people in public spaces.

Universal and Inclusive Design Guides

7 Tips for Including Inclusive Design When Planning a Wayfinding System

Wayfinding is essential in so many environments, including in public locations such as airports, hospitals, shopping malls, sports stadia, tourist attractions, and university campuses. One key consideration that you should always make though (in addition to safety and security) is the need to ensure that the design is inclusive.

Have you designed the wayfinding system to cater to those in wheelchairs for example? Are your facilities or location accessible by everyone no matter what their dis/ability, cognitive understanding, or what language they understand on signage, for example?

Here are seven tips for designing an inclusive wayfinding system:

1. Understand User Diversity

• Why It Matters: As touched on in the intro above, different people interact with wayfinding systems in very unique ways, i.e., based on their physical ability, cognitive functions, and language proficiency.
• How to Apply It: Consider undertaking market user research to understand the different needs of various groups, including individuals with visual, auditory, mobility, or cognitive impairments, as well as those who speak different languages.

Example: You might decide to use multilingual signage, such as if you are an international attraction, and you might also choose to use tactile signage, such as braille, for visually impaired users.

2. Use Universal Symbols and Language

• Why It Matters: Symbols and plain language are FAR MORE effective in wayfinding than trying to use clever language for the sake of being different. Simplicity is important in wayfinding design and in inclusion.
• How to Apply It: I recommend using universally recognized icons for common areas such as toilets (restrooms), entrances, exits, and emergency areas. Pair symbols with simple text in multiple languages.

Example: Use the International Symbol of Accessibility (wheelchair symbol) to indicate accessible routes.

3. Provide Multiple Sensory Inputs

• Why It Matters: We all process information differently from each other. Offering multiple sensory options ensures no one is excluded i.e. is a great way to go in terms of inclusive design in wayfinding.
• How to Apply It: Try to combine visual elements (signs, maps) with tactile (raised lettering, braille) and auditory cues (announcements, sound beacons).

Example: Airports such as Singapore’s Changi Airport uses tactile paths for the visually impaired alongside audible announcements.

4. Ensure Consistent and Intuitive Design

• Why It Matters: Consistency is always important in all wayfinding signage because it helps reduce confusion and allows users to intuitively follow directions. For inclusive design, this consistency is even more important given the greater difficulties these users may face.
• How to Apply It: Use uniform fonts, colors, and layouts across all signs and maps. Position signage in predictable locations, such as eye level for standing users and wheelchair-accessible height.

Example: Color-coded zones with matching signage and floor markers can help users associate colors with locations.

5. Incorporate Technology Thoughtfully

• Why It Matters: Technology can enhance wayfinding, but should not replace physical systems.
• How to Apply It: Offer digital solutions like smartphone navigation apps or interactive kiosks alongside traditional signage. Ensure these tools are accessible with features like text-to-speech and voice commands.

Example: Apps such as BlindSquare provide audio navigation for visually impaired users, complementing

6. Prioritize Accessibility in Physical Infrastructure

• Why It Matters: Physical barriers can hinder navigation for people with disabilities, regardless of the effectiveness of the signage.
• How to Apply It: Ensure pathways are wide enough for wheelchairs, eliminate unnecessary steps or obstacles, and include elevators and ramps at key locations. Mark accessible routes clearly on all maps and signs.

Example: Clearly label elevators and ramps with prominent signage and ensure their locations are well-integrated into the wayfinding system.

7. Test with Real Users

• Why It Matters: Even the best-intentioned designs can have unforeseen challenges. Testing ensures that the system works for the people it’s meant to serve.
• How to Apply It: Conduct usability testing with diverse user groups, including individuals with disabilities and non-native speakers. Use their feedback to refine the system.

Example: A hospital might invite visually impaired patients to test tactile maps or braille signage before final implementation.